Four O'Clock

ime has a habit of slipping away once we settle into routines. This “truism” seemed to fail us during those first few weeks following Mom’s move into the nursing home. From my perspective, these represent some of the most challenging days of my life.

Prior to the move, dementia had wrecked havoc on Mother’s sensibilities to the extent that she convinced herself she would be better off moving to her own apartment rather than remain in the comfort of her home. Even though the painful decision to transfer Mom’s care to GVM had already been made, her personal decision to move seemed to make the process easier for everyone.

I doubt anyone was more shocked than I by the apparent ease with which she adapted to her new surroundings. Mom seemed to accept nearly every aspect of her new life with nary a complaint. There was the sudden lack of personal privacy as well as the institutional process of managing almost every aspect of her life from taking medications to scheduling her showers and meals. Mother endured each new intrusion with grace.

At least, for a while.

A few weeks after arriving, a new diagnosis was added to Mother’s problem list: Sundowner’s Syndrome.

It is not uncommon to see patients who become irritable or confused as a result of unfamiliar hospital settings or following anesthesia. This “hospital psychosis” is a well-documented constellation of symptoms that occurs appreciably beginning in the late afternoon and early evening hours. While this psychosis can affect any age group, Sundowner’s Syndrome is generally limited to the elderly.

Also called, “sundowning,” it is most often associated with the early stages of dementia but can also be present in mood or sleep disorders. Sufferers experience periods of extreme agitation and confusion beginning late in the day which can be manifested in irritability towards caregivers and nursing home staff. While previously felt to be related to altered “circadian rhythm” cycles, current studies point to other causes such as drug-drug interactions and stress directly related to lower cognitive functioning.

One theory: the constant mental process of “normal” living can become overwhelming. These elderly individuals seem to have too much incoming information which may overload their already restricted cognitive functions. This results in periods of irritability and negative thoughts.

This process is not felt to be willful, per se. But, there is some conscious level of “frustration” due to awareness by the sufferers who realize they can no longer adequately process incoming information.

Come three or four in the afternoon, everyone began to gird ourselves for whatever might come.

On a good day you might find yourself walking in perpetual circles through the various halls; while it wasn’t the circumambulation of the Ka’aba during the Hajj, it may very well have been as exhausting. It was never a matter of slowly walking alongside your elderly Mother – you had to work hard just to keep up.

She moved as if on a mission. You never knew where she was headed but her forward movement had an element of intent. You would often have to take hold of her sweater or jacket to prevent forward momentum from propelling her upper body unsafely ahead of her center of gravity. There was no stopping her.

And then there were the bad days.

She would often be resting quietly then suddenly, with the sweep of a single moment in time, leap from her bed and declare her intention to “get the hell out of here.” Moving quickly and frenetically about the room, she would gather up any and all possessions in her path, bundling them for the trip home. You would have to follow her about the room in an attempt to prevent her from hurting herself in the process; as soon as you made any effort which she felt might be contrary to her intention, you were immediately, “persona non grata.”

Alternatively, she would leap from her bed and begin some chore which had, by this time, become very difficult for her to complete. Washing and setting her hair is one example. Once she had the idea in her head she was a woman possessed. There were some days when a caregiver would be allowed to help, but, more often than not, she would beg to be left, “the hell alone.”

One might ask what could be wrong with allowing her to wash and set her hair. In an ideal world, the answer would be "nothing." But, her “voluntary” movements had become erratic; these “dyskinetic” movements posed a potential hazard to her. She might be standing at the mirror combing her hair then suddenly and inexplicably hit her head against a wall. Normal activities of daily living had become dangerous.

There were many days when most everyone felt woefully inadequate helping her through these hours. These episodes were frightening and frustrating for everyone.

Time, the occasional use of some medication for agitation, patience, as well as her ever-advancing medical condition have all but rendered this phenomenon an element of her/our past.

When taking into account the research regarding sundowning, it makes me extremely sad realizing her irritability and negativity may have originated with some awareness of the ongoing failure of her mental processes. How incredibly cruel the insult if she was truly aware of the ongoing assault against her own mind?

And all of us were helpless as we stood witness to her manifested frustrations. It was excruciatingly painful realizing we were incapable of assuaging any anger, pain, and sorrow.